Direct Sales Approach to Selling Crude Oil in Kazakhstan Essay

Direct Sales Approach to Selling Crude Oil in Kazakhstan - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  the main refineries in Kazakhstan are Pavlodar, Tyrau and Shymkent. Pavlodar and Shymkent process West Siberian Crude oil. These refineries are located around the oil fields to reduce transport costs. However, not all the oil from the fields is refined in the country. This is because the local refineries do not have sufficient capacity to process all the oil. Kazakhstan transports some of this oil to Russia through pipelines for processing.This essay discusses that the main buyer of Kazakhstan oil is Italy. That is according to a report by Kazakhstan’s Customs Control Committee. Apart from Italy, other consumers of Kazakh oil include China, the Netherlands, France and Austria. China has started investing in Kazakh oil with intentions of increasing its consumption of Kazakh oil. Though Russia refines Kazakh oil, it is not a major consumer of the oil. There are many challenges that companies selling crude oil face. That is due to the rules and regulations set by the authorities to govern the industry. Marketing of crude oil by private companies outside the country is limited. That is because the government allows only one company to do so. The company allowed to trade crude oil outside the country is KazMunayGas Trading AG. This is a subsidiary of the National Company KazMunayGas. The other companies remain only with the country’s refineries as their main customers for crude oil.

Management Research Reports- Labour turnover, hospitality Essay

Management Research Reports- Labour turnover, hospitality - Essay Example Apart from these, there is lack of coordination between the industry and the educators due to which both the students that enter the work field and the industry, experience a gap. Conclusions have been drawn extensive study. The business environment today is turbulent and challenging. The hotel industry is characterized by low job security, low pay, shift duties and limited opportunities for promotion (Wong, Siu & Tsang, 1999), no breaks, fluctuating demand, simultaneous production and consumption (Birdir, 2002). The sector offers a range of contradictions on a daily basis (Baum & Nickson, 1998). Human capital is considered the greatest asset in meeting these challenges and gaining competitive edge. However, attracting, managing and retaining talent in the hospitality industry is the biggest challenge. Competitive advantage relies on service quality and delivery of service quality itself has become challenging due to high staff turnover in the industry. The industry does realize that high turnover of staff ultimately results in high recruitment and training costs but despite all efforts they have not been able to bring about changes in the situation. High turnover indicates that staff is not sufficientl y motivated to work for the organization. This in turn implies lack of commitment and loyalty from the employees. Since this is an issue that concerns the smaller as well as the larger firms in the industry, this requires an in-depth study. Various studies have been conducted in the past but most studies have focused on one particular issue or one particular region. This study proposes to be an umbrella study where all the various factors that cause high turnover will be looked into. High labour turnover is not a country-specific problem but is a global problem. This study would provide greater insight than is possible in one

The Effect one’s Gender and Personality has on their Ability to Identif

Discussion This investigation aimed to explore gender differences and personality differences in the ability to identify the emotion and gender of a face. The expected results were that the response times produced by females for facial emotion and gender identification would be faster than the response times produced my males. It was also expected that participants categorised as extroverts via the Necker cube would produce faster response times when identifying the emotion and gender of a face. Although the results from this experiment were not significant, they did resemble what was expected. Concerning the first hypothesis, overall females obtained faster response times than males when identifying the emotion of a face, which also supports the findings of Hoffman (2010). A possible explanation for why this difference occurred could be due to the different developmental changes in brain functioning that occurs in males and females, thus different neuronal systems may be used when processing f acial aspects (Everhaurt et al, 2001). That is; when an emotional face is viewed different neural structures are activated in males and females, resulting in different mediation of attention to the facial cues (McClure, 2004). The results from the current study therefore suggests that females may utilise systems that are more sensitive and more efficient at picking up cues where stimulus information is limited, than males (Hall & Matsmoto, 2004). Results obtained by males in the emotion identification task emphasises previously found results by Mantagne (2005) that males are less accurate at judging emotion in a face, especially sadness. On the other hand, Rahmen et al (2004) stated that although women were faster at identifying emotion, th... ...nder and/or personality can affect their ability to identify the gender or emotion of a face. The results obtained suggest that females and extroverts are able to identify facial aspects such as gender and emotion quicker than males and introverts. This may be because neurological and environmental factors influence their ability to efficiently access appropriate strategies to extract cues during processing of a face. The study produced findings that are consistent with previous research however to produce more confident conclusions for this investigation further experimentation with more sensitive measures are required. Future studies could explore physiological changes and neural mechanisms that occur during facial identification in order to provide a deeper insight into differences between categorical groups during facial emotion and gender processing.

A1 Steak Sauce Essay

1) How would you characterize the A1 Steak Sauce business? In 1830, Henderson William Brand, chef to England’ King George developed a sauce that so delight the king he proclaimed it to be â€Å"A1†. The product was first sold in North America in the early 1900s. Kraft Foods acquired A1 in 2000 as part of its acquisition of Nabisco. Kraft Foods was the largest food company in the United States and second largest in the world. Kraft Foods most direct competitors were General Mills, Unilever, Pepsico and Nestle. In 2002, A1 had a 54% dollar share of the Steak Sauce Market Shares with an 83 percent gross profit margin. Distribution of A1 stretched across the United States with the product available in every grocery store. Kraft Foods spent 15 percent of its operating revenue on A1 advertising. Revenue on A1 Steak Sauce was about $150 million and operating profit was approximately $60 million. A1’s 2003 plan anticipated flat revenue and slight profit growth. 2) Why is Lawry’s launching a steak sauce product? Explain. In 2002, Lawry’s was owned by Unilever one of Kraft Foods leading competing food companies with brand sales in excess of $100 million and a strong position in seasoning and marinades. In early 2003, Unilever announced plans to launch a Lawry’s Steak Sauce with a ship date of April 1st and a price per bottle $1.00 less than A1. Unilever’s decision to launch a steak sauce product was based on disappointing financial results in recent years.  Unilever launched a new strategic plan program called â€Å"Path to Growth†. A key element of this program was rationalizing its brand portfolio focusing on the largest global brands. The company challenged all of its brands including Lawry to reach annual sales of at least one billion dollars. 3) Should A1 Steak Sauce defend itself against the Lawry’s launch? If not, why not? If yes, why and how? Discuss. Jennifer Miller, Smith’s research manager statement of â€Å"you know A1 has the strongest brand equity in the category, it’s virtually untouchable.† I don’t agree and feel her comment is unrealistic, nothing is untouchable. I would recommend that A1 defend against Lawry’s Steak Sauce launch scheduled for April 1st, otherwise A1 could find they are losing market shares and trying to play catch up. In my opinion A1 has a choice to compete head-to-head with Lawry’s 2 for $5.00 deal launching on April 1st or sit back and hope that consumer don’t switch to the Lawry’s Steak Sauce. Either way A1 will have to spend money to remain dominant and competitive in the steak sauce market. 4) What are the competitive and financial implications of defending or not depending against the Lawry’s launch?  Lawry is scheduled to launch their new steak sauce of April 1st at $1.00 less than the A1 sauce and Publix is ready to give Lawry the Memorial Day week promotion which is normally 10 percent of A1 Annual Sales. If Lawry, does gain 10 percent of the steak sauce  market and customers like the taste, willing to pay the reduced price regardless of taste or can’t really tell the difference in taste from A1, customers might continue to buy the Lawry’s Steak Sauce for the $1.00 cheaper bottle. Lawry’s Steak Sauce launch could allow them to gain and increase in Lawry’s share in the steak sauce market. 5) What did you learn from your analysis of this case? Explain. A1 Steak Sauce was invented in 1830 and first sold in North America in the early 1900s. In 2003, over 100 years later, A1 Steak Sauce finally had potential competition with the launch of Lawry’s Steak Sauce. I feel that Kraft Foods should have planned for such a contingency that to me was inevitable. If they had planned, the company could have properly budgeted, maybe with a contingency type fund within the marketing department. For example, today where are reel-to-reel tapes, 8 track tapes and cassette tapes, all have become outdated with improvements in technology. To further illustrate in the food industry, try to find â€Å"Pitter Patter† peanut butter cookies made by Keebler which were out marketed by Nabisco’s â€Å"Nutter Butter† peanut butter cookies. Nothing is untouchable or lasts forever!

Nores vs. Greek Essay - 5576 Words

Nores vs. Greek Greek mythology and Roman mythology are almost identical. This is an accepted fact, as it is widely known that the Romans stole the Greek myths. However, it is very interesting to note that the mythology of the Vikings (Norse) has many similarities with the Greek myths. These myths are, by no means, identical to the Greek ones (like the Roman ones are), but there are very distinct commonalities between the two. I see two possible reasons for this besides pure coincidence. The first has to do with the fact that Norse myths were codified during the Viking era: 780 - 1070. This gives the Norsemen many centuries to become exposed to the Greek (or Roman) myths. The Vikings did travel as far east as the Caspian sea, which†¦show more content†¦The gods and goddesses are powerful beings capable of super-human powers, but nevertheless are characters fraught with very human frailties and flaws. In this way they created gods that had similarities with the common man in the society. This made the gods more tangible and easier to identify with. I think that this was necessary because they were not yet at the societal maturity level to have a single god on a cosmic plane. Most of the comparisons will be examining the similarities between major Greek and Norse gods, as well as creatures, stories and specific symbols which are featured in the mythologies. Some of the gods do not have direct counterparts (Thor, Athena and Loki). However, I will provide possib le similarities within the respective mythologies. ASGARD Asgard is sometimes known as Asgarth. It is the realm of the gods and the home of both the Aesir and Vanir. Is is ruled by Odin, the leader of the Norse deities. It is located in the heavens, but is connected to earth by a bridge, known as Bifrost, sometimes referred to as a rainbow. There is also a route from Asgard to the underworld, the domain of Hel. Valhalla, a hall within Asgard, was the palace for fallen kings, warriors who had died in battle and heroes. MT. OLYMPUS Mount Olympus was the home of the Greek gods. It was chosen as their home because of its altitude, for Zeus, the king of the gods, was associated with the sky. Within the mythology, Mt. Olympus was large, foreboding

Jacksonian America Essay - 1150 Words

Throughout the period of 1820-1830, Jacksonian Democrats created a vastly popular political party. They were, of course, led by Andrew Jackson, a war hero and a man of the people. Jacksons followers who created the party were also for the people. Such ideals were shown throughout various times within the period. The democrats were essentially guardians of the United States Constitution and, similarly, were protectors of individual liberties. In addition to this, the Jacksonian Democrats promoted political democracy, and also the equality of economic opportunity. Thus, the Jacksonian Democrats clearly served as protectors of the people, their individual liberties, their Constitution, their economic opportunities and their political†¦show more content†¦They set out to form a system which would rotate different people in and out of these jobs. However, the Jacksonians wound up using the spoils system to elect members of their party. By doing this, they had a larger influence i n government and could more easily pass laws to help the people. Jackson and his followers were always interested in the rights of the people of the United States. Therefore, when the United States found itself within the Nullification Crisis, Jackson responded immediately and with a just cause. While a threat of rebellion rose in South Carolina, Jackson threatened to send down an army to quash it, before further harm was done. This proves how dangerous nullification could be and how Jackson, a man of the people, would be against it. The threats of South Carolina to secede over such a law threatened the Union. The Union, effectively, was the collaboration of states and the peoples within them made the Union possible. Thus, when a state threatened to leave the Union, and damage it, Jackson was against it. Jacksonians saw this as a threat to the political democracy within the United States. By breaking up the Union it would make it more vulnerable to a take over from Europe or another foreign country. In addition to this, by destroying the Union, the economic opportunities of citizens would also be hindered. Jackson believed in the voice of the people, but only when itShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The War Hero After The Battle Of New Orleans934 Words   |  4 PagesVamika Sharma Mrs. Zierer Period 6- APUSH 11 November 2015 APUSH DBQ: Jacksonian Democrats Andrew Jackson became known as the war hero after the Battle of New Orleans. His victory over the Indians in the battle helped his public recognition and increased his popularity in society. In the election of 1820, Andrew Jackson ran for presidency and won with flying colors. Jackson’s humble background gave him an edge over other candidates - he was the voice for the â€Å"common man† and endorsed the idea ofRead MoreJacksonian Democracy1151 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the following documents and your knowledge of the 1820s and 1830s, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians view of themselves? Andrew Jackson began a whole new era in American history. Amongst his greatest accomplishments were evoking the common man to be interested in government and tailoringRead MoreJacksonian Democracy Dbq Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesJacksonian Democrats help create a more democratic America and because of this, believed themselves to be many things, real and fictional. In most cases they perceived themselves as defenders of equal economic opportunity, even though they sometimes put their own interests before those of the people. They also thought of themselves as guardians of political democracy, while at the same time using class differences to their advantage and emotionalized speeches, lacking real intellectual merit, toRead MoreJeffersonian Republicanism vs. Jacksonian Democracy1441 Words   |  6 Pagesand independent farmer, who by no stretch of the imagine had the capabilities to serve in government. The Jacksonian Democracies image of the common man expanded from farmers to include laborers, planters, and mechanics. Jackson saw these people as the true representatives of the Government, and thus its true servers. The image of the common man for each the Jeffersonians and the Jacksonians differed in the fundamental principle of the true chosen class, and its real role in Government. AlthoughRead More AP HISTORY-Jacksonian Democracy Essay676 Words   |  3 PagesDBQ: Jacksonian Democracy Jacksonian democracy was created during the antebellum America. The Jackson democrats made an attempt to grant power to the lower classes while decreasing the influence of the rich and potent. The Jacksonian democrats viewed themselves as saviors of the common people and ruled by the means of a powerful executive branch who attempted to destroy aristocracy in America. In reality, they were typically very wealthy, they disregarded the capability of the federal governmentRead MoreThe Jacksonian Er The Era Of The United States1930 Words   |  8 PagesThe Jacksonian Era The Jacksonian Era (1824-1841) has been known as the era of the â€Å"common man† primarily because of the acquaintance of democratic government in America with the help of Andrew Jackson. Democrats who favored Jackson believed that their role as a Jacksonian was to protect the individual liberty, the equality of economic opportunity, political democracy, and upholding the rights of the Constitution of the United States. Jackson was initially a general that helped the war effort toRead MoreEssay on Jeffersonian Vs. Jacksonian Democracy in the US1927 Words   |  8 Pagesdistinguish ‘Jacksonian democracy’ from ‘Jeffersonian democracy’? A period of nearly 30 years are associated with the Presidency of Jefferson, his successors and his ‘democracy’ from 1801 until Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828. A vision of a united, equal America, limited government and natural aristocracy ruled the Jeffersonian style of democracy. However, with the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828, a new form of democracy, differentiating in multiply ways to the Jeffersonian America, engulfed theRead MoreAccelerated US History911 Words   |  4 Pagesdemocracy. Jackson’s supporters, the Jacksonians, were as diverse as they were numerous; northern farmers, southern and western yeomen, and even urban immigrants all joined the ranks of the Champion of the Common Man (OI). During Andrew Jackson’s two terms, the state of Jacksonian Democracy that took form upheld the principles of equality and majority rule that bound the United States together politically, economically and socially. During the 1820s and 1830s, Ja cksonians served as guardians of the ConstitutionRead MoreThe Evolution Of Democracy In The Early Republic. The Evolution1206 Words   |  5 Pagesin the face of ever increasing pressure. The seventh President of the United States, Andrew Jackson was a general in the War of 1812 who defeated the British at New Orleans. As president, he increased the presidential powers, opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of states to nullify federal laws but favored keeping the majority of legislative power in the hands of the states. Jeffersonian Democracy places great emphasis on republicanism, the idea that citizens should cultivate civicRead MoreBook Review of Liberty and Power Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Harry L. Watson, Liberty and Power; The Politics of Jacksonian America Hill and Wang, N.Y. Review written by Richard Foust Book Review Harry L. Watson’s book, â€Å"Liberty and Power, The Politics of Jacksonian America†, takes an analytical look at America and her politics during the Age of Jackson. Watson uses the economy and the ideological mindset of the people, to support a powerful argument about the beginning of American political parties

Essay on Critique Of ASEAN - 1773 Words

Following the failure at mitigating the 1997 economic crisis and other political turmoils within Asia, ASEAN’s credibility was challenged by political scholars. As non-state centric threats such as the economic crisis are becoming recurring issues within the region, it has come ever more important to assess how well the institution is at consolidating issues and strengthening Southeast Asia. Purpose In the article â€Å"Does ASEAN Matter? International Relations Theories, Institutional Realism and ASEAN† the author, Kai He asserts that mainstream international relations theories that have assessed ASEAN overlook the value of the institution. He concludes that institutional realism best explains why ASEAN is still an important†¦show more content†¦Neorealism is an international relations theory that posits that the international system is anarchic; hence cooperation among states is rare as they are concerned with absolute gains. He criticises neorealist scholars for presupposing that ASEAN plays a minor role in regional security because it is not a state, and claims for this reason that neorealism â€Å"cannot explain policy orientations of ASEAN states after the Cold War†. Neoliberalism challenges realist theories by arguing that institutions are in fact valuable actors within the international arena. Neoliberals claim that in an anarchic international arena states that have power will choose to cooperate with each other through the use of norms and institutions. However, the author argues that there have been instances when ASEAN states have rallied against each other rather than pursuing absolute gains. As a result, neoliberal institutionalism is unable to fully explain the actions and importance of ASEAN. In contrast, Constructivism is a theory that â€Å"emphasizes the role of ideas, norms, knowledge and identity in constituting state behaviour†. The way a state chooses to act in the international arena is characterized by the way they view the world. Constructivists maintain that the notion of a common identity within ASEAN has resulted in the institution overcoming security dilemmas. Nevertheless, following the Asian economic crisis of 1997 and the East Timor conflict, constructivism was unableShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Hierarchical Order Within South East Asia Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagesmanifested itself in regional multilateral institutions, free trade agreements and security arrangements. Goh names two key institutional constructs which illustrate this concept: ASEAN plus three and the ASEAN regional forum (ARF) . ASEAN plus three is a financial framework which aims to align financial co-operation across all ASEAN states as well as China, Japan and So uth Korea. The ARF is a security-focussed initiative, which aims to bring in all of the major players in the region (including China, RussiaRead MoreFree Trade Agreements Are Becoming More Vital For Countries?3445 Words   |  14 PagesRegional free trade agreements are in between multilateral and bilateral FTAs and negotiate trade area between a group of countries in their region. Regional FTA’s came into play in the 90s with the ASEAN (Association Southeast Asian Nations) free trade area (AFTA) and NAFTA agreement in 1994. The ASEAN AFTA is a major trading bloc in the Asia Pacific region and Australia exports more to AFTA countries that to either the U.S. or the EU. Some of the member countries are Burma, Brunei Darussalam, CambodiaRead MoreInternational Trade And Globalisation Debates2405 Words   |  10 Pagesmultilateral trade, different countries may lobby for RTA’s and the like. This is also supported in (Bhagwati, 1993a, 30-31; 1995, 22) and (Panagariya, 1995 ), who highlight the sometimes-skewed benefits gained for bigger contra small countries. The critique in (Timothy A, 2001) supports this further, suggesting that increasing RTAs/FTAs allow the US, EU and other powerful nations to demand concessions from weaker trading partners that they would never get at the WTO. Therefore, it is reasonable to predictRead MoreThe World s Largest Democracy3377 Words   |  14 Pageswith America in defeating the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia, Chinese policy makers were aware of the strategic potential of ASEAN. They believe that as China rises, it needs to manage the relationship with other states in the region to avoid negative outcomes. Thus, while America gradually dropping ASEAN, China has continued to develop and strength its relation with ASEAN and actively participated in regional international regimes (Mahbubani, 2007). In addition, because of the relatively assertiveRead MoreA Collection Of Experiences, Skills And Knowledge Gained During The Jesuit Refugee Service4992 Words   |  20 PagesSiam Reap, Battambang, and Ratanakiri provinces. This portfolio documents the work undertaken and knowledge gained while conducting legal research at the Jesuit Refugee Service. It includes reflections of significant events and experiences, and a critique of law and society in Cambodia. Sabrina Caldalano Table of Contents PART 1: Organisation History and Overview Pages The International Jesuit Refugee Service†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 - 2 Cambodian Refugees and JRS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 - 4 JRS Cambodia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreAir Asia Introduction2566 Words   |  11 Pagesand serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. Their missions are ï‚ · To be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a big family ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Create a globally recognized ASEAN brand To attain the lowest cost so that everyone can fly with AirAsia Maintain the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce cost and enhance service levels They managed to make the low fare model possible through the implementationRead MoreUnauthorized Trading Activities And Risk Management Practices2673 Words   |  11 Pages, Jimà ©nez-Martin, J. and Perez Amaral, T. (n.d.). What Happened to Risk Management During the 2008-09 Financial Crisis?. SSRN Journal. Min, B. (1999). South Korea’s Financial Crisis in 1997: What Have We Learned?. Asean Economic Bulletin, 16(2), pp.175-189. Moosa, I. (2008). A critique of the advanced measurement approach to regulatory capital against operational risk. Journal of Banking Regulation, 9(3), pp.151-164. Nobes, C. (2009). The importance of being fair: An analysis of IFRS regulation andRead MoreMartin Textile6254 Words   |  26 Pageseconomic integration comes close to the EU in terms of potential economic and political significance, various other attempts are being made in the world. The most notable include NAFTA in North America, the Andean Pact and MERCOSUR in Latin America, ASEAN in Southeast Asia, and (perhaps) APEC. 9. The creation of single markets in the EU and North America means that many markets that were formerly protected from foreign competition are now more open. This creates major investment and export opportunitiesRead MoreMartin Textile6243 Words   |  25 Pageseconomic integration comes close to the EU in terms of potential economic and political significance, various other attempts are being made in the world. The most notable include NAFTA in North America, the Andean Pact and MERCOSUR in Latin America, ASEAN in Southeast Asia, and (perhaps) APEC. 9. The creation of single markets in the EU and North America means that many markets that were formerly protected from foreign competition are now more open. This creates major investment and export opportunitiesRead MoreResearch and Practice in Human Resource Management8935 Words   |  36 PagesPurcell, J. (2004). Exploring organizationally directed citizenship behaviour: Reciprocity or ‘It’s my job’? Journal of Management Studies, 41(1), 85–106. Edwards, J.R. (1991). Person–job fit: A conceptual integration, literature, and methodological critique. In C.L. Cooper I.T. Robertson (Eds.), International Review of Industrial and Organisational Psychology (Vol. 6, 283–357). New York: Wiley. Feldman, D.C. (2003). The antecedents and consequences of early career indecision among young adults