Legal

Legal Ethics is an important part of the field of nursing; it concerns moral aspects of people behavior and attitudes. As practice shows, there are often ethical dilemmas related to personal responsibilities and freedoms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Legal-Ethical Issues Affecting Patient Rights for the Elderly specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Every patient has their legal rights and every nurse practitioner is to respect those rights regardless of gender and age of the patient (Kapp, 2000). It is important that elderly patients and their loved ones be aware of the ethical issues that may arise and be ready to cope with them. Healthcare professionals working with the elderly face complex situations related to many legal and ethical issues. The moral and legal standards for people caring for the elderly remain critical for ensuring that older persons access quality services. Ethical issues are a commonplace in our modern society. People who respect moral issues are frequently confronted with situations requiring them to make ethical choices. It is a commonplace to find some people confronted with ethical dilemmas (Kapp, 2000). Older adults are frequently more susceptible to those than the average people are. The people who are trusted to care for the older adults sometimes take advantage of the older person’s condition for different reasons (Tabloski, 2010). The legal and ethical issues that affect patient rights of the elderly include confidentiality, informed consent, relationships, and medical code. Confidentiality is one of the legal and moral issues that affect the patients rights for the elderly. Healthcare professionals should normally keep details about their elderly clients confidential. They should show respect for the autonomy of their elderly clients. Disclosing information about patients is legally and morally incorrect (Tabloski, 2010). However, healthcare professionals are som etimes confronted with the legal and ethical dilemma of having to release information about their patients to the family members. Healthcare malpractice is also both a legal and moral issue that affects the patient rights for the elderly (Pozgar, 2010). The professionals who offer healthcare services to older persons must always put safety and health of their clients first. Injuries related to medical processes, the use of faulty equipment or medicine, and deliberate acts that cause harm to the elderly have both legal and moral consequences (Kapp, 2000). Healthcare professionals practice defensive medicine to avoid litigations from the family members of their elderly patients who may allege negligence.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The law protects the concept of informed consent in healthcare profession because it is both a legal and moral issue. All patients must give consent to permit treatment to take place (Pozgar, 2010). However, informed consent presents many challenges for healthcare professionals who work with the elderly because it has serious legal and moral implications. Sometimes the elderly cannot give consent to sanction their treatment because they may be too weak. The elderly person, who requires surgery but cannot offer consent, presents the healthcare professionals with serious dilemmas (Kapp, 2000). When treating an elderly person, doctors face potential dilemma between morality and the law. The kind of relationship that healthcare professionals can have with their elderly clients can have legal and moral implications in relation to patient rights for the elderly (Kapp, 2000). Associating with the elderly clients is protected by the medical code of ethics. Healthcare professionals who violate the ethical codes with their elderly clients face the risk of being disqualified from the roll of practitioners. The Purpose of Advan ced Directives If a serious medical condition does not allow people to take decisions regarding their treatment, this responsibility goes to the patients relatives. If there are no relatives, the physician or the hospital can fall responsible for your further treatment. However, preparing An Advance Directive is a way to predict such a situation and make sure that only you will be responsible for your end of life treatment. The Advance Directive will provide guidance to those responsible for the patients treatment when he/she is unable to make decisions independently. Advance Directives entail the legal papers where people spell out their decisions in relation to the end of life healthcare services in advance. The fundamental reason why people draw advance directives is to ensure that they can access the specific treatment they want, as well as refuse healthcare services they do not want. (Tabloski, 2010).  . It is significant in reducing confusion during the end of life healthcar e provision. Advance directives are a commonplace in the elderly healthcare service delivery. (Tabloski, 2010). The application of advance directives remains crucial to the provision of quality healthcare to the elderly. The notable issues that advance directives cover include the application of breathing machines to prolong the life of older persons. The elderly can also spell out whether they would permit healthcare professionals to perform resuscitation procedure on them should they face breathing problems. Furthermore, the elderly can declare whether they would permit maintenance of their life using tube feeding (Tabloski, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Legal-Ethical Issues Affecting Patient Rights for the Elderly specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is notable that sometimes healthcare professionals make decisions to ignore advance directives drafted by the elderly. This is a commonplace in scenarios whe re doctors consider such directives irrelevant based on their moral standards. It is also possible for doctors to refuse directives because of misinterpretation of the law and inconsistencies associated with moral consciences and professional responsibilities (Rai Rai, 2009). It is advisable that elderly people share their advance directives with their doctors to get opinion on whether they can accept their proposals. Advance directives also allow the elderly to choose their medical proxies who can make treatment decisions on their behalf. The individual selected as a medical proxy enjoys the durable power of attorney for healthcare because they can make decisions on behalf of the elderly (Rai Rai, 2009). Medical proxies can only have the power to make such decisions after the doctors have declared that the elderly person cannot make treatment choices on their own. Advance directives contain various advantages. The document is significant as it shows the direction people would wan t their treatment to take. Healthcare professionals can determine the road according to the thoughts and ideas about death and treatment choices made by the person drawing the directive. The fact that people have varying values and beliefs is also considered during drafting of the directives. Elderly people can lose decision-making ability when they become seriously ill (Swota, 2009). Therefore, the directive is the only way they can maintain control of their treatment desires and options during the time when they are less competent and conscious. The document also reduces stress and misunderstanding among family members in relation to their varying decisions on appropriate treatment and care for their older person (Swota, 2009). The document is critical for enabling family members, who may undergo emotional breakdown during such times, find easy ways of handling their decision-making challenges in relation to their sick family member. References Kapp, M. B. (2000).  Geriatrics an d the law: Understanding patient rights and professional responsibilities. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Co.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Pozgar, G. D. (2010).  Legal and ethical issues for health professionals. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Rai, G. S., Rai, G. S. (2009).  Medical ethics and the elderly. Oxford: Radcliffe Pub. Swota, A. H. (2009).  Culture, ethics, and advance care planning. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. Tabloski, P. (2010). Gerontological Nursing (2nd Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson  Health Science.

Inspirational Quotes About Uniqueness

Inspirational Quotes About Uniqueness Since childhood, we have heard that each of us is unique. Yet, in the humdrum of life, as we walk along with millions of others on the eternal quest for success, what really makes us stand out? Can you put your finger on your unique feature? Here are some uniqueness quotes. Perhaps these uniqueness quotes will help you in your quest to find your zing. Michael SchenkerI believe that every person has uniqueness something that nobody else has. Robert H. SchullerAs we grow as unique persons, we learn to respect the uniqueness of others. Eric HofferIt is the child in man that is the source of his uniqueness and creativeness, and the playground is the optimal milieu for the unfolding of his capacities and talents. Hilary DuffMom always tells me to celebrate everyones uniqueness. I like the way that sounds. James BroughtonTrusting your individual uniqueness challenges you to lay yourself open. Dr. SeussToday you are You, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is Youer than You. Henri MatisseIt has bothered me all my life that I do not paint like everybody else. Walt DisneyThe more you like yourself, the less you are like anyone else, which makes you unique. Eileen CaddyA human being is a single being. Unique and unrepeatable. Coco ChanelIn order to be irreplaceable one must always be different. William JamesHe who refuses t o embrace a unique opportunity loses the prize as surely as if he had failed. D.M. DellingerYou are unrepeatable. There is a magic about you that is all your own. Jane GentryDare to be remarkable. John MasonYou were born to be an original. Don’t die a copy. Vicky WallYou are the colors you choose.

Direct Sales Approach to Selling Crude Oil in Kazakhstan Essay

Direct Sales Approach to Selling Crude Oil in Kazakhstan - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  the main refineries in Kazakhstan are Pavlodar, Tyrau and Shymkent. Pavlodar and Shymkent process West Siberian Crude oil. These refineries are located around the oil fields to reduce transport costs. However, not all the oil from the fields is refined in the country. This is because the local refineries do not have sufficient capacity to process all the oil. Kazakhstan transports some of this oil to Russia through pipelines for processing.This essay discusses that the main buyer of Kazakhstan oil is Italy. That is according to a report by Kazakhstan’s Customs Control Committee. Apart from Italy, other consumers of Kazakh oil include China, the Netherlands, France and Austria. China has started investing in Kazakh oil with intentions of increasing its consumption of Kazakh oil. Though Russia refines Kazakh oil, it is not a major consumer of the oil. There are many challenges that companies selling crude oil face. That is due to the rules and regulations set by the authorities to govern the industry. Marketing of crude oil by private companies outside the country is limited. That is because the government allows only one company to do so. The company allowed to trade crude oil outside the country is KazMunayGas Trading AG. This is a subsidiary of the National Company KazMunayGas. The other companies remain only with the country’s refineries as their main customers for crude oil.

Management Research Reports- Labour turnover, hospitality Essay

Management Research Reports- Labour turnover, hospitality - Essay Example Apart from these, there is lack of coordination between the industry and the educators due to which both the students that enter the work field and the industry, experience a gap. Conclusions have been drawn extensive study. The business environment today is turbulent and challenging. The hotel industry is characterized by low job security, low pay, shift duties and limited opportunities for promotion (Wong, Siu & Tsang, 1999), no breaks, fluctuating demand, simultaneous production and consumption (Birdir, 2002). The sector offers a range of contradictions on a daily basis (Baum & Nickson, 1998). Human capital is considered the greatest asset in meeting these challenges and gaining competitive edge. However, attracting, managing and retaining talent in the hospitality industry is the biggest challenge. Competitive advantage relies on service quality and delivery of service quality itself has become challenging due to high staff turnover in the industry. The industry does realize that high turnover of staff ultimately results in high recruitment and training costs but despite all efforts they have not been able to bring about changes in the situation. High turnover indicates that staff is not sufficientl y motivated to work for the organization. This in turn implies lack of commitment and loyalty from the employees. Since this is an issue that concerns the smaller as well as the larger firms in the industry, this requires an in-depth study. Various studies have been conducted in the past but most studies have focused on one particular issue or one particular region. This study proposes to be an umbrella study where all the various factors that cause high turnover will be looked into. High labour turnover is not a country-specific problem but is a global problem. This study would provide greater insight than is possible in one

The Effect one’s Gender and Personality has on their Ability to Identif

Discussion This investigation aimed to explore gender differences and personality differences in the ability to identify the emotion and gender of a face. The expected results were that the response times produced by females for facial emotion and gender identification would be faster than the response times produced my males. It was also expected that participants categorised as extroverts via the Necker cube would produce faster response times when identifying the emotion and gender of a face. Although the results from this experiment were not significant, they did resemble what was expected. Concerning the first hypothesis, overall females obtained faster response times than males when identifying the emotion of a face, which also supports the findings of Hoffman (2010). A possible explanation for why this difference occurred could be due to the different developmental changes in brain functioning that occurs in males and females, thus different neuronal systems may be used when processing f acial aspects (Everhaurt et al, 2001). That is; when an emotional face is viewed different neural structures are activated in males and females, resulting in different mediation of attention to the facial cues (McClure, 2004). The results from the current study therefore suggests that females may utilise systems that are more sensitive and more efficient at picking up cues where stimulus information is limited, than males (Hall & Matsmoto, 2004). Results obtained by males in the emotion identification task emphasises previously found results by Mantagne (2005) that males are less accurate at judging emotion in a face, especially sadness. On the other hand, Rahmen et al (2004) stated that although women were faster at identifying emotion, th... ...nder and/or personality can affect their ability to identify the gender or emotion of a face. The results obtained suggest that females and extroverts are able to identify facial aspects such as gender and emotion quicker than males and introverts. This may be because neurological and environmental factors influence their ability to efficiently access appropriate strategies to extract cues during processing of a face. The study produced findings that are consistent with previous research however to produce more confident conclusions for this investigation further experimentation with more sensitive measures are required. Future studies could explore physiological changes and neural mechanisms that occur during facial identification in order to provide a deeper insight into differences between categorical groups during facial emotion and gender processing.

A1 Steak Sauce Essay

1) How would you characterize the A1 Steak Sauce business? In 1830, Henderson William Brand, chef to England’ King George developed a sauce that so delight the king he proclaimed it to be â€Å"A1†. The product was first sold in North America in the early 1900s. Kraft Foods acquired A1 in 2000 as part of its acquisition of Nabisco. Kraft Foods was the largest food company in the United States and second largest in the world. Kraft Foods most direct competitors were General Mills, Unilever, Pepsico and Nestle. In 2002, A1 had a 54% dollar share of the Steak Sauce Market Shares with an 83 percent gross profit margin. Distribution of A1 stretched across the United States with the product available in every grocery store. Kraft Foods spent 15 percent of its operating revenue on A1 advertising. Revenue on A1 Steak Sauce was about $150 million and operating profit was approximately $60 million. A1’s 2003 plan anticipated flat revenue and slight profit growth. 2) Why is Lawry’s launching a steak sauce product? Explain. In 2002, Lawry’s was owned by Unilever one of Kraft Foods leading competing food companies with brand sales in excess of $100 million and a strong position in seasoning and marinades. In early 2003, Unilever announced plans to launch a Lawry’s Steak Sauce with a ship date of April 1st and a price per bottle $1.00 less than A1. Unilever’s decision to launch a steak sauce product was based on disappointing financial results in recent years.  Unilever launched a new strategic plan program called â€Å"Path to Growth†. A key element of this program was rationalizing its brand portfolio focusing on the largest global brands. The company challenged all of its brands including Lawry to reach annual sales of at least one billion dollars. 3) Should A1 Steak Sauce defend itself against the Lawry’s launch? If not, why not? If yes, why and how? Discuss. Jennifer Miller, Smith’s research manager statement of â€Å"you know A1 has the strongest brand equity in the category, it’s virtually untouchable.† I don’t agree and feel her comment is unrealistic, nothing is untouchable. I would recommend that A1 defend against Lawry’s Steak Sauce launch scheduled for April 1st, otherwise A1 could find they are losing market shares and trying to play catch up. In my opinion A1 has a choice to compete head-to-head with Lawry’s 2 for $5.00 deal launching on April 1st or sit back and hope that consumer don’t switch to the Lawry’s Steak Sauce. Either way A1 will have to spend money to remain dominant and competitive in the steak sauce market. 4) What are the competitive and financial implications of defending or not depending against the Lawry’s launch?  Lawry is scheduled to launch their new steak sauce of April 1st at $1.00 less than the A1 sauce and Publix is ready to give Lawry the Memorial Day week promotion which is normally 10 percent of A1 Annual Sales. If Lawry, does gain 10 percent of the steak sauce  market and customers like the taste, willing to pay the reduced price regardless of taste or can’t really tell the difference in taste from A1, customers might continue to buy the Lawry’s Steak Sauce for the $1.00 cheaper bottle. Lawry’s Steak Sauce launch could allow them to gain and increase in Lawry’s share in the steak sauce market. 5) What did you learn from your analysis of this case? Explain. A1 Steak Sauce was invented in 1830 and first sold in North America in the early 1900s. In 2003, over 100 years later, A1 Steak Sauce finally had potential competition with the launch of Lawry’s Steak Sauce. I feel that Kraft Foods should have planned for such a contingency that to me was inevitable. If they had planned, the company could have properly budgeted, maybe with a contingency type fund within the marketing department. For example, today where are reel-to-reel tapes, 8 track tapes and cassette tapes, all have become outdated with improvements in technology. To further illustrate in the food industry, try to find â€Å"Pitter Patter† peanut butter cookies made by Keebler which were out marketed by Nabisco’s â€Å"Nutter Butter† peanut butter cookies. Nothing is untouchable or lasts forever!

Nores vs. Greek Essay - 5576 Words

Nores vs. Greek Greek mythology and Roman mythology are almost identical. This is an accepted fact, as it is widely known that the Romans stole the Greek myths. However, it is very interesting to note that the mythology of the Vikings (Norse) has many similarities with the Greek myths. These myths are, by no means, identical to the Greek ones (like the Roman ones are), but there are very distinct commonalities between the two. I see two possible reasons for this besides pure coincidence. The first has to do with the fact that Norse myths were codified during the Viking era: 780 - 1070. This gives the Norsemen many centuries to become exposed to the Greek (or Roman) myths. The Vikings did travel as far east as the Caspian sea, which†¦show more content†¦The gods and goddesses are powerful beings capable of super-human powers, but nevertheless are characters fraught with very human frailties and flaws. In this way they created gods that had similarities with the common man in the society. This made the gods more tangible and easier to identify with. I think that this was necessary because they were not yet at the societal maturity level to have a single god on a cosmic plane. Most of the comparisons will be examining the similarities between major Greek and Norse gods, as well as creatures, stories and specific symbols which are featured in the mythologies. Some of the gods do not have direct counterparts (Thor, Athena and Loki). However, I will provide possib le similarities within the respective mythologies. ASGARD Asgard is sometimes known as Asgarth. It is the realm of the gods and the home of both the Aesir and Vanir. Is is ruled by Odin, the leader of the Norse deities. It is located in the heavens, but is connected to earth by a bridge, known as Bifrost, sometimes referred to as a rainbow. There is also a route from Asgard to the underworld, the domain of Hel. Valhalla, a hall within Asgard, was the palace for fallen kings, warriors who had died in battle and heroes. MT. OLYMPUS Mount Olympus was the home of the Greek gods. It was chosen as their home because of its altitude, for Zeus, the king of the gods, was associated with the sky. Within the mythology, Mt. Olympus was large, foreboding